Case 7
Contributors
Dr.Ambika Sunil Gayad, Dr.S.K.Joshi
Dr. Radha
Diagnosis
Meckel's Diverticulum with diverticulitis
Radiological Findings, Disease course, and Management
High Resolution Ultrasound Abdomen
Findings
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Well defined,non-compressible blind ending tubular structure with thickened hypoechoic walls and surrounding inflammatory changes in the umbilical region
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Tubular structure closely abuts the small bowel loops with possible communication within it
Meckel’s diverticulum scintigraphy
Findings did not suggest ectopic gastric mucosa
Contrast Enhanced CT (CECT) of Abdomen
Findings
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Blind-ending fluid filled tubular structure with enhancing walls in the abdominal cavity deep to the umbilicus, possibly arising from adjoining small bowel loop.
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Wall to wall diameter 12 mm, Length approximately 2 cm.
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Significant inflammatory changes noted in the adjacent fat
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Abnormal SMA/SMV relationship noted with whirling of mesenteric vessels adjacent to the enhancing lesion described above,could represent adhesions.
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DJ flexure is seen to the left of midline.
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Appendix is visualized,appendicolith seen at the tip. No signs of inflammation noted.
Diagnosis
Features suggest possiblity of Meckel’s diverticulitis
Course
Laparoscopic surgery was performed
Operative findings:
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Meckel’s attached to the umbilicus.
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Wedge excision of diverticulum done.
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Histopathology
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Mucosa made of tall columnar cells and submucosa. Lamina propria show gastric type of glands with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm
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Features consistent with Meckel’s diverticulum.
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Discussion
Meckel’s diverticulum
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small bowel appendage
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normal anatomic variant found in 0.3-3% of the population
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True diverticulum, contains all layers of the small bowel
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Called a "second appendix"
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Embryologically, remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct
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Failure of duct obliterration by 7weeks gestation results in fistulas, enterocysts, adhesions, and Meckel’s diverticula
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Mostly asymptomatic
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Complications include painless haemorrhage,Meckel’s diverticulitis
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Diverticula may contain ectopic gastric mucosa which can secrete acid, thereby causing inflammation.
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Inflammation could also be due to obstruction of the diverticular neck by an enterolith, faecolith, foreign body, or neoplasm leading to stasis and infection within the diverticulum
Radiological Findings
Ultrasonography :
May show a blind ending peristaltic loop connected to the small bowel.
Computed tomography
In presence of Meckel’s diverticulitis, diverticulum is seen as
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blind,antimesenteric,
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1-10 cm long tubular pouch attached to the ileum by its neck within 100 cm (medial) of the ileocaecal junction
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contains fluid or air
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May remain attached to the umbilicus, distinguishing it from small bowel
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Inflammatory changes: mural thickening with mesenteric fat stranding, presence of free fluid. Contrast enhancement.
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Absence of oral contrast in the diverticular lumen .
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Appendix appears normal, excluding appendicitis
​Scintigraphy
99mTc-Na-pertechnetate scinigraphy
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preferred modality
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limited sensitivity
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helpful in diagnosis of diverticula having ectopic gastric mucosa because pertechnetate is taken up by mucin secreting cells of gastric and ectopic gastric mucosa
Complications
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Perforation and peritonitis
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Differential Diagnosis
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Intestinal duplication cyst
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Mesenteric cyst
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Appendicitis
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Ileal diverticulitis
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References
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Chu, R. (n.d.). Meckel's diverticulitis diagnosed on CT. Retrieved June 28, 2016, from http://www.eurorad.org/eurorad/case.php?id=11700
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Bickle, I., & Weerakkody, Y. et al. (n.d.). Meckel diverticulum | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Retrieved June 28, 2016, from http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meckel-diverticulum-1